EDUC 118 is a course code for Educational Research Methods commonly offered in educational programs at universities and colleges. Its primary purpose is to introduce students to the fundamental principles and techniques of conducting research in education.
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What is Educational Research Methods
Educational research methods refer to the systematic processes and techniques used to investigate and study educational phenomena. These methods are applied in education to gather information, analyze data, and draw conclusions that can contribute to understanding and improving educational practices, policies, and outcomes.
Different types of educational research methods are conducted to answer questions, solve problems, and inform decision-making in the realm of education. But why is educational research important for students? The introduction to educational research methods teaches students about the following:
- Research Design: appropriate research designs to answer specific research questions or test hypotheses. Common research designs in educational research include experimental, quasi-experimental, correlational, and descriptive designs.
- Data Collection: Collect data using various methods, including surveys, interviews, observations, experiments, standardized tests, and document analysis.
- Sampling: selecting a subset of the population or participants to study. Researchers use various sampling techniques.
- Data Analysis: Statistical and qualitative analysis techniques to process and make sense of the collected data. Quantitative analysis uses statistical tests to determine relationships and patterns, while qualitative analysis uses coding and interpreting textual or visual data.
- Literature Review: a comprehensive review of existing literature to understand the current state of knowledge in their field and identify gaps in the research that their study can address. Literature review writers can help.
- Ethical Considerations: Ethical guidelines and principles when conducting educational research. This includes obtaining informed consent from participants, ensuring confidentiality and privacy, and ethically conducting research.
- Research Proposal and Reporting: Research proposals outlining the research objectives, methods, and anticipated outcomes before conducting a study.
- Educational Research Jobs: There are many educational research jobs remote that students can take after completing this course. These include research analyst, data scientist or data analyst, grant writer, educational consultant, research manager or director, policy analyst, or freelance researcher or writer.
Educational research methods are essential for educators, policymakers, and educational researchers.
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Here is an example of EDUC 118 - Educational Research Methods questions we have solved accurately. You can also post your custom question; we will answer it instantly:
1. Which of the following is the main focus of constructivism?
A. participant's views of a situation
B. determining proper research methods
C. finding the truth
D. cause and effect
Answer: C. finding the truth
2. Which of the following is not a characteristic of post-positivist research?
A. reductionism
B. a set of logically related steps
C. belief in multiple perspectives
D. Focus on objective meanings
Answer: C. belief in multiple perspectives
3. Which of the following represents a quantitative research design?
A. narrative research
B. survey research
C. ethnography
D. phenomenological research
Answer: B. survey research
4. Exploratory sequential mixed methods uses broad quantitative data in the initial phase to then explore the views of the participants in the second phase.
A. True
B. False
Answer: B. False
5. Which type of literature varies the most in quality and should be lower in priority?
A. conference papers
B. research monographs
C. encyclopedias
D. dissertations
Answer: D. dissertations
6. Conference papers and proceedings are not appropriate sources of literature for a literature review.
A. True
B. False
Answer: B. False
7. When abstracting a study, you should identify the methodological and technical strengths and weaknesses.
A. True
B. False
Answer: A. True
8. Definition of terms appear in qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods proposals to ensure the researcher's precision of meaning.
A. True
B. False
Answer: A. True
1. What is an alternate name for an independent variable?
A. criterion variable
B. treatment variable
C. moderating variable
D. control variable
Answer: B. treatment variable
2. Identify the independent variable in a quantitative study studying the effects of a GRE preparation course on GRE scores for Black and Latino male and female students.
A. race/ethnicity
B. GRE score
C. GRE preparation course
D. sex/gender
Answer: B. GRE score
3. Identify the dependent variable in a quantitative study studying the effects of a GRE preparation course on GRE scores for Black and Latino male and female students.
A. race/ethnicity
B. GRE score
C. GRE preparation course
D. sex/gender
Answer: B. GRE score
4. A priori theoretical perspectives can be used in both qualitative and quantitative studies.
A. True
B. False
Answer: A. True
5. A moderating variable does not affect the strength of the relationship between an independent and dependent variable.
A. True
B. False
Answer: B. False
1. The core idea that is advanced in a research proposal is an example of ______.
A. umbrella thought
B. big thought
C. little thought
D. attention thought
Answer: A. umbrella thought
2. The review of literature should be integrated into an introduction section in qualitative research reports.
A. True
B. False
Answer: A. True
3. Which function of a research introduction is often underdeveloped in research proposals?
A. Create reader interest in the topic.
B. Establish the problem that leads to the study.
C. Place the study within the larger context of the literature.
D. Target a specific audience.
Answer: B. Establish the problem that leads to the study.
4. When summarizing literature, what is the time limit to qualify as "recent literature"?
A. past 3 years
B. past 5 years
C. past 8 years
D. past 10 years
Answer: D. past 10 years
5. Strong, direct quotations are good choices for a lead sentence to capture reader interest.
A. True
B. False
Answer: B. False
6. The deficiencies model of writing an introduction is based on identifying the research problem first.
A. True
B. False
Answer: A. True
1. Which word implies a qualitative approach in a purpose statement?
A. influence
B. understand
C. impact
D. relationship
Answer: B. understand
2. Which word implies a quantitative approach in a purpose statement?
A. discover
B. Explore
C. understand
D. comparison
Answer: D. comparison
3. A purpose statement appears at the end of the introduction.
A. True
B. False
A. True
4. Nondirectional language is encouraged when writing qualitative purposes statements.
A. True
B. False
Answer: A. True
5. A mixed method purpose statement must include a rationale for combining qualitative and quantitative data.
A. True
B. False
Answer: A. True
6. Which word is an example of an exploratory verb to use in developing qualitative research questions?
A. determine
B. influence
C. impact
D. discover
Answer: D. discover
7. Which word is an example of a verb to use in developing quantitative research questions?
A. explore
B. affect
C. understand
D. discover
Answer: B. affect
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EDUC 118 - Educational Research Midterm
- What is research?
Any sort of careful, systematic, patient student and investigation in some field of knowledge
- What is a research approach?
Plans and the procedures for research that span the steps from broad assumption to detailed methods of data collection, analysis and interpretation
qualitative = words. understand the meaning of individuals or groups, inductive approach
quantitative = numbers, test objective theories, deductive approach, based on theory, surveys
- What are the 3 approaches to research?
1. qualitative
2. quantitative
3. mixed methods
- What is mixed methods research?
Collects both quantitative and qualitative data, involve philosophy & theory, additional insight to a research problem
- Philosophical worldviews
A general philosophical orientation about the world
- Postpositivism
Determination, reductionism, empirical observation & measurement, theory verification
- Constructivism
Understanding, multiple participant meanings, social & historical construction, theory generation
- Transformative
Political, power & justice oriented, collaborative, change-oriented
- Pragmatism
Consequences of actions, problem-centered, pluralistic, real-world practice oriented
- Research designs
Procedures of inquiry
- RD: quantitative
Experimental designs, nonexperiemental designs (surveys), longitudinal designs
- RD: qualitative
Narrative research, phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnographies, case study
- RD: mixed methods
Convergent, explanatory sequential, exploratory sequential, complex designs w/ embedded core designs
- Research methods
Specific data collection, analysis and interpretation methods
- When is quantitative approach best
Wdentifying factors that influence a particular outcome, evaluating the utility of an intervention, understanding best predictors of an outcome
- When is qualitative approach best
THE TOPIC IS NEW, the subject has not been addressed with a certain sample, existing theories do not apply
- When is mixed methods approach best
Neither quant or qual approaches are adequate to understand a research problem, the strength of qual & quant approaches provides the best understanding
- What are style manuals
Provide guidelines for producing scholarly work and include directions on formating
- What is a variable?
Characteristic of an individual or group that can be measured or observed
- Independent variable
Variables that probably cause outcomes
- Dependent variables
The outcomes that depend of the independent variables
- Control variables
Variables that could change, but the experimenter intentionally keeps constant in order to more clearly isolate the relationship between the independent and dependent variable
- Types of variables in survey research
Predictor & outcome
- Predictor
Used to predict outcome of interest in survey method studies
- Outcome
Result or outcome of interest in survey method studies
- What is theory
A scientific prediction or explanation of what the researcher expects to find
- What is p-hacking
Data snooping or data fishing, playing with data until you find the statistically significant results
- How do you avoid p-hacking?
Quantitative research should be guided by a theory
- Theoretical perspective or lens
Raise questions related to race, class and gender, this lens becomes a transformative perspective that shapes the types of questions asked, informs how data are collected and analyzed, and provides a call for action or change
- What does deficiencies model do for an introduction
Builds on gaps in the literature
- The research problem: first sentence
Should stimulate and convey the research problem of interest
- The literature review in the introduction serves to
Justify the importance of the problem, create distinctions between past studies and the prosed study
- Deficiencies may exist because
The topic has not been explored with a particular group, sample, or population, needs to be replicated with new people or sites, the voice of underrepresented groups has not been heard
- The purpose statement
Indicates why you want to do a study, indicates what you intend to accomplish, is the central controlling idea in a study
- A good qualitative research statement contains
The central phenomenon (the key being explored in the study), the participants, the research site
- A quantitative purpose statement
Differs in language and focus, the variables and their relationship, the participants, the research site
- Mixed methods purpose statement
The overall intent of the study, info about both the qual and quant strands of the study, a rationale for combining quant and qual strands
- Qualitative research questions
Central and sub questions
- Central questions
Broad questions that asks for exploration of the central phenomenon